Drilling
and Wells Interoperability Standard Glossary
The Compiled
Glossary of the DWIS initiative
Increase safety and efficiency through the development
of a standardized interface that enables collaborative automation of
wellbore construction.
OSDU DWIS Glossary
The Drilling and Wells Interoperability Standards (DWIS)
has adopted the ISA-88 standard, among others, to describe its components. In
this standard, a procedure uses equipment entities to effect a process. A control
recipe describes the procedure, and is a hierarchical construct, in which
phases are contained in operations, which are contained in unit procedures,
which are all contained in control recipes.
In DWIS, control recipes are external to the Automated
Drilling Control System (ADCS), instantiated as Advisors (without equipment,
but constraining the required equipment) or Auxiliary Systems (controlling
equipment). The ADCS itself schedules recipes, accesses auxiliary systems, and
controls all access to rig equipment.
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Advisor An algorithm, agent, or application that is external to the ADCS.
Advisors may use auxiliary systems, use other advisors, and be instantiated
by a recipe. |
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Automated Drilling Control
System (ADCS) A software and hardware construct containing a scheduler, execution
engine, and other components necessary for systems automation of the
drilling process. The ADCS sits hierarchically above the Rig Control System
(RCS). Alternate name: Rig Operating System (ROS) |
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Automated Procedures Automation of standard procedures, possibly in the form of finite
state automata. In the simplest form, the transitions are predefined. In the
more advanced form, the transitions can be conditional and estimated based
on the current context. |
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Autonomous Drilling An automation drilling system is autonomous when it: is flexible to
changing environments and changing goals; learns from experience; and makes
appropriate choices given perceptual limitations and finite computations. |
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Auxiliary System An instance of a specific algorithm, agent or application, in which the
algorithm includes equipment operations and control. |
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Batch Command A series of drilling activities executed over a period. A batch
command follows a fixed sequence defined in a batch recipe, which is itself
composed of a series of control recipes. Alternate name: batch recipe |
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Batch Sequence An operation comprising a series of Batch Commands executed in some
order established by a human or algorithm (like an Orchestrator).
Alternate name: orchestrator recipe. |
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Calculated value A value that is the result of a calculation. Subtypes include derived
value and estimated value. |
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Control signal A control signal is a process variable manipulated to achieve a
certain goal. |
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Controllable Feature A RigOS (ADCS) feature. A controllable feature is a modifiable
signal. |
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Derived value A derived value is a calculated value subtype in which the
calculation uses a model that does not increase the uncertainty with regard
to the inputs of the calculation. |
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Equipment Command An operation requested for execution on an individual piece of
equipment (equipment entity). The equipment entity may be accessible via the
rig control system or an auxiliary system. |
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Equipment Control The equipment-specific functionality that provides the actual control
capability for an equipment
entity, including procedural, basic, and
coordination control, and that is not part of the recipe. |
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Equipment Interface An
interface exposed by the ADCS or an auxiliary system for an individual piece of equipment, which
provides the ability to request Equipment Commands and receive real-time
values. |
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Equipment Entity A
collection of physical processing and control equipment, and equipment control, grouped together to perform a certain control function or set of
control functions. The equipment entity is a combination of physical
actuators, sensors, transducers and controls. |
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Equipment Fault Limit Fault
limit for an equipment
entity that restricts use of the equipment within
a range that will not harm users or the equipment itself. |
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Equipment Operating Limit Operating
limit for an equipment
entity that restricts use of the equipment within
a range that will not harm users, the wellbore or other equipment. Equipment
fault limits bound permissible equipment operating limits. |
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Estimated value An
estimated value is a subtype of a calculated value in which the used
calculation is an estimator. An estimator is a calculation that introduces
additional uncertainties to the uncertainty of the inputs of the
calculation. |
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Inferred value A value
produced by logical inferencing. |
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Limit A limit
is the upper or lower bound value that a process shall not exceed. Limit
subtypes include are fault limits and operating limits. |
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Equipment PLC Programmable
Logic Controller, controlling the activities of an individual piece of
equipment, such as the top drive, drawworks, and mud pumps, etc. |
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Executor Ensures
matching of equipment and procedures at run time, executes the procedure,
updates equipment and process states, handles exceptions, etc. |
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Fault
Detection, Isolation and Recovery See
safety trigger. |
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Feature A RigOS
(ADCS) capability, of which there are two kinds: observable and controllable
features. |
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Feedback
Control Active
control of a parameter by observing the response of the system |
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Level
of Interoperability 1.
Technical systems can exchange
binary signals, but the systems may not be capable of making sense of the
binary data. 2.
Syntactical a protocol allows
sending and receiving numerical values between systems under access control. 3.
Semantic there is an
agreement between systems about the meaning of exchanged data. 4.
Dynamic it is possible to add
new data on the fly and systems can interpret the meaning of the data. 5.
Organizational different
disciplines can exchange data regardless of their various domain
perspectives. |
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Observable
Feature A RigOS
(ADCS) capability. An observable feature is a monitored signal. |
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Orchestration
General Combination
of the digital well plan, best practices, and site-specific information such
as the rig configuration, number and type of players, etc., used to
construct the rig digital plan for the well construction process. Orchestration is out of the scope of the
DWIS interoperable interface. Alternate name: operational objectives. |
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Orchestration Operations Operational
orchestration falls in the domain of the Service Companies, Drilling
Contractors and Operators who coordinate the flow of people, their scheduling,
in context to well construction, material management, and general rig
workflow facilitation. Orchestration
is out of the scope of the DWIS interoperable interface |
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Orchestration Rig Rig
orchestration falls in the domain of the Rig Contractor, who coordinates the
equipment of the rig to perform activities either specific to rig management
or to Well Construction. Orchestration
is out of the scope of the DWIS interoperable interface. |
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Orchestration Well Construction Well construction
orchestration falls in the domain of the Service Companies, Drilling
Contractors and Operators that orchestrate the tasks necessary to
construct a well. These tasks are concerned with
generating changes in the well, such as preparing BHA, Tripping In/Out,
Reaming In/Out, Drilling a Stand, Running Casing, Cementing Casing,
etc. Although people facilitate this activity, only the role of people
involved in the actual well construction are considered. Orchestration is out of the scope of the
DWIS interoperable interface |
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Procedure A
strategy for carrying out a wellbore construction process or part of a
process. Procedures can range from data acquisition, monitoring, to
automation control. Procedures consist of phases and operations. |
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Procedure Commands Commands
issued to procedures to cause them to change state. |
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Procedure Operation Operations
are a grouping of procedure phases to carry out one of more tasks or
activities, such as breaking flow, picking up off bottom. |
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Procedure Phase Phases
can issue one or more commands or cause one or more actions: set points,
alarms, controller modes, calculated values, monitoring, etc. |
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Procedure State Procedure
state completely specifies the current condition of a procedure. |
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Process Activity Well-construction
process activities form parts of well-construction process operations, and
may consist of other activities or sub-activities. These are defined by IADC
DDR Plus, which enumerates such activities as rig up, rig down, flow check,
work pipe, etc.. Alternate name: process action. |
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Process Control Coordination
of a series of automated procedures to realize the objective of a drilling
operation. In its simplest form, the coordination is a fixed sequence. In
its most advanced form, the series of actions is the result of an
optimization procedure |
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Process Input A
process input is a manipulated process variable. |
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Process Operation Set of
wellbore construction stages, defined in IADC DDR Plus, such as drilling,
reaming, coring, etc. A process operation consists of a set of process
activities. |
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Process Output A
process output is a controlled process variable. |
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Process
Protection Automatic protection of the drilling process in at least three ways:
safe mode management (SMM); safety trigger (also known as fault detection
isolation and recovery, FDIR); or safe operating envelope (SOE). |
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Process Value A
process value (or variable or parameter) is the current measured value of a
particular part of a process. |
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Real-time Signal A signal
is a time-dependent function that conveys information about a phenomenon: |
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Recipe A
description of an algorithm. The parameters, procedures and contextual
information supplied to any process operation or activity for it to be able
to execute. A recipe contains a header, formula, procedure and equipment. The
formula describes inputs, parameters and outputs; the procedure describes
the activity as a sequence of recipe operations and phases; and the
equipment constrains the choice of equipment used to implement the
procedure. |
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Recipe Equipment Equipment
requirements constrain the choice of the equipment used to implement the recipe procedure. These are generic equipment requirements (e.g., mud pumps) which
are mapped to specific equipment at execution |
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Recipe Formula A
category of recipe information that includes process inputs, process
parameters, and process outputs, all modeled as a set of parameter objects: IEC
61131-3 basic data types; data series (e.g., a tracked flow rate profile). Parameter
values may be simple values, expressions, or references to parameters
defined at the same level or higher levels in the procedural hierarchy.
Values that are expressions may include references to other parameters. Parameters
may be related in a number of ways: algebraic or Boolean equations; Product
specific entry forms that work on one or more parameters; Standard operating
procedures (SOPs) that display or otherwise utilize parameters (e.g.,
dynamic values, recipe values); Deferral of parameters to different recipe
entities (at the same or another level) |
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Recipe Header Information
about the purpose, source and version of the recipe such as recipe and
product identification, creator, and issue date. |
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Recipe Management Scheduler
and arbitration constraints management for the execution of recipes. In
ISA-88: The equipment entities are arranged into a path that is determined
by scheduling and taking into account arbitration constraints. |
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Recipe Procedure The
part of a recipe that defines the strategy for a series of operations or phases,
leading to an activity (action) |
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Rig Control System (RCS) Control
system for the components of a drilling rig, including HMI components. The
rig control system contains equipment control for circulation, rotation, and
hoist, among others. |
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Safe
Mode Management (SMM) When
returning an automatic or autonomous function back to manual mode, ensures
that the state of the system is set in a safe condition for a few moments |
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Safe
Operating Envelope (SOE) Active
filtering of commands sent to the rig, or auxiliary systems, in order to
avoid generating a drilling incident |
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Safety
Trigger An
automatic reaction to an abnormal situation. The first response can be
simply to stop the current action. A second level of response can be to
isolate the problem. A third level of response can be to remediate the cause
of the problem. Safety trigger can be active under both manual and automatic
control. |
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Sensors/Actuators Electronic
measurement systems, sensors and devices located around the drilling
operation, on surface and downhole. |
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Set
Point A set
point is a desired or target value for a variable or process. |
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Scheduler Scheduling
involves arranging recipe procedures into a path for wellbore construction. |
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System
Interoperability Systems
in well construction achieve interoperability when any system can exchange
meaningful information with any other system, at present or in the future. The
exchange of information occurs between authorized systems, without prior
knowledge of each systems unique characteristics, and in an environment where
the constellation of systems is constantly changing. |
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Task A
complex operation or series of commands exposed by the ADCS that is generally
multi-equipment and utilizes higher speed or proprietary interfaces within
the ADCS to accomplish a goal. It has not been determined if there are
generic Task interfaces. Example Task: Remove trapped torque
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Tracking
Error A tracking
error is the difference between the output and set point of the controlled
process. |
